Summer is in full swing here in Polk County, and while we all enjoy the sunshine, the rising temperatures bring unique challenges for our horses and livestock.  Providing proper care during these warmer months is crucial for maintaining their health, productivity, and well-being.  Here's a guide to help you keep your animals comfortable and safe this summer.

Hydration is Key!
Perhaps the most critical aspect of summer livestock management is ensuring constant access to fresh, clean water.

Quantity Matters: Livestock, especially horses and lactating animals, can drink
significantly more in hot weather. A horse can consume 10-12 gallons of water daily,
sometimes more! Cattle and other livestock also dramatically increase their water intake.

Cleanliness is Crucial: Water troughs and buckets can quickly become breeding grounds for algae, mosquitoes, and other contaminants in the summer heat. Scrub them out regularly – every other day or daily is ideal – to encourage consumption and prevent illness.

Location, Location, Location: Place water sources in shaded areas, if possible, to keep the water cooler and more appealing. Ensure there are enough water points for all animals in a pasture to access without competition.

Shade: A Necessity
Protection from direct sunlight is vital to prevent heat stress and sunburn.

Natural Shade: Trees are excellent, but ensure there's enough canopy for all animals to comfortably lie down or stand under.

Man-Made Structures: Run-in sheds, barns, or purpose-built shade structures are
essential, especially in pastures lacking natural tree cover. Orient them to maximize shade during the hottest parts of the day.

Consider Timing: If animals are stalled, ensure good ventilation. If pastured, consider
turning them out at night and bringing them in during the peak heat of the day.

Forage and Feeding Adjustments

Pasture Management: While lush in spring, summer pastures can become sparse and less nutritious during dry spells. Monitor pasture quality and supplement with hay if necessary to maintain body condition.

Electrolytes: For active animals, working horses, or those under heat stress, an
electrolyte supplement can help replenish minerals lost through sweating. Consult with your veterinarian before adding supplements.

• Signs of Heat Stress: o Excessive sweating (or lack of sweating in horses with anhidrosis) o Elevated respiratory rate (panting, rapid breathing) o Increased heart rate o Flared nostrils o Lethargy, weakness, or stumbling o Reduced appetite or water intake o Dark urine or infrequent urination o In severe cases: muscle tremors, collapse.
• What to Do: o Immediately move the animal to a cool, shaded area. o Offer cool, fresh water. o Rinse animal in cool water for 10 minutes, focusing on areas with large blood vessels (neck, inside of legs) to help cool the body. o If symptoms are severe or persist, contact your veterinarian immediately.

Hoof Care: Dry, hard ground can be tough on hooves. Continue regular farrier visits to
prevent cracks and imbalances.

Parasite Control: Summer warmth can increase parasite loads. Consult your veterinarian for a targeted deworming program, potentially utilizing fecal egg counts.

Travel Smart: If trailering animals, plan trips for cooler parts of the day (early morning or late evening). Ensure good ventilation in the trailer and offer water frequently. Avoid trailering when temperatures are over 90 degrees.

By being proactive and attentive to these summer management tips, you can help your horses and livestock thrive through the warmer months.  If you have any questions or need further assistance, please don't hesitate to contact me at the N.C. Cooperative Extension, Polk County Center.  We're here to help!

Livestock Agent:  Cassie LeMaster, Email:  Cassie_LeMaster@ncsu.edu, Tel:  (828) 894-8218.